High voltage supplies



Feb. 26, l1957 M. D. NELSON 2,783,396

' HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLIES Filed Sept. 24. 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l M. D. NELSON 2,783,396

Feb. 26, 1957 HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLIES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 24, 1954 IN V EN TOR. /I/Of/s /Vaso/V H@ Zw f77 roi/Vir United States Patent l HIGH VGLTAGE SUPPLIES Morris D. Nelson, New York, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application September 24, 1954, Serial No. 458,184.

9 Claims. (Cl. 307-150) voltages via rectification of the transient liyback pulses appearing across the receivers horizontal output transformer during retrace periods of the line scanning cycle.

Direct adaptation of such supplies to use in color television receivers has not generally been fully satisfactory,

for with color kinescopes of the types presently known, p

the high voltage requirements are generally of greater magnitude, more critical as to regulation, and over allpresent a significantly more complex problem than the monochrome kinescope high voltage supplies. As an example, a presently available 2l tri-color kinescope,

of the shadow-mask type and incorporating the use of electromagnetic beam convergence apparatus, requires a well regulated voltage of approximately 27,000 volts for its ultor electrode (i. e."its final accelerating electrode), and a similarly well regulated voltage adjustable in a range about approximately 4,000 volts for the individual focusing electrodes of the tube's three electron guns. i

The present invention is directed toward a high voltage supply, of a type suitable for satisfying such high voltage" requirements las indicated above, in which a minimum tube complement may be employed without imposing unduly severe demands on the horizontal output tube, the

horizontal output transformer, or the rectifying tubes employed. In accordance with the invention, a first rectifier is employed to rectify iiyback pulses developed in the horizontal output transformer to provide a D.-C.

voltage of a rst magnitude somewhat higher than thev required focus voltage. The required adjustable focus voltage is derived from the output of this tirstrectier. The D.C. output of the lirst rectifier is also added to stepped-up yback pulses derived rfrom the horizontal out- 2,783,396 Patented Feb. 26, 1957 rectifier arrangement may supply both the focus and ultor voltages required by a color kinescope. As particularly adapted to supply the kinescope voltages indicated above, 27 kilovolts may be supplied to the kinescope ultor electrode by a supply in which the peak inverse voltages on the two rectiiiers employed are only 7 kv. and 2O kv., respectively.

it will be appreciated that the described two-tube voltagev supplies embodying the principles of the present invention represent a saving of at least one rectifier with respect to various voltage doubler arrangements heretofore proposed for use in meeting the severe high voltage requirements of a color kinescope. It will also be appreciated that reduction of peak inverse voltage strain on the rectiliers employed is a desirable advantage to use of em- Y bodiments ofA the present invention over more conventional supplies, since smaller, more inexpensive tubes may serve as the supply rectifiers.

A primary object of the present invention is thus to provide a novel and improved high voltage supply.

A further object of the present invention is to provide` a novel and improved voltage supply suitable for use in satisfying the high voltage lrequirements of a color kine-Y scope.

An additional object of the present invention is to provide a color television receiver with a novel and improved high voltage supply having a minimum tube complement.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a .color'kinescope high voltage supply in which the peak inverse voltage strain on the rectiers employed is minimized.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be :apparent to those skilled in the art after a reading of the following detailed description yof embodiments thereof, and au inspection of in which:

in accordance with an embodiment of the present inven-` tion, the supply being shown as supplying the high voltages required by a colorkinescope in a typical color television receiver illustrated in block and schematic form.

Figure 2 illustrates a high voltage supply in accordance with another embodiment of the present inventiomwhich supply may be substituted for that shown in Figure 1 in satisfying the high voltage requirements of the receivers Y color kinescope.

put transformer and the sum applied to a second'rectier, A

the output of which serves as the requiredultor voltage. In accordance with one embodiment of the present in-` vention, the horizontal output transformer is provided with a secondary winding adapted to develop iiyback.4

output of the second rectifierthus being brought up to4 the required ultor voltage level. In` accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the tlyback pulses developed across the primary of the horizontal output transformer, in additionto the D.C. `output of the first rectifier, are added to theyback pulses developed across the secondary winding to bring the D.C. output of the second rectifier to the required ultor voltage level.

"lhus, inaccordance with the present inventionLa tvyofA ratus, I. F. amplifier, second detector, etc.

`in accordance with the FCC standards.

Figures 3 'and 4 illustrate arrangements for disposing l on a core the deflection wave output transformer windings` l embodiment of Figures l and 2, v

utilized in the supply respectively. v p Referring to Figure' l more specifically, a high voltage supply in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated asl supplying the high voltages required by a color kinesco-pe 40 .in a typical color television receiver adapted to utilize color television signals The color tele vision receiver illustrated essentially in block form in Figure l is in general accord with the principles and apparatus discussed in the article entitled Principles and development of color television systems by G. H. Brown and D. G. C. Luck appearing in the .Tune 1955 issue of the RCA Review. Carrier wave modulated by a cornposite color picture signal are illustrated as being received by conventional signal receiving apparatus 11, which may include the usual R. F. tuner, frequency converting appa- The video frequency signals recovered from the modulated carrier in the receiving apparatus 11 are amplified in the video i amplifier 13. synchronizing information is derived from the recovered signals in the sync separator 15 and utilized .Y to synchronously control the receivers subcarrier drive the accompanying drawings A apparatus '17, to control the generation of verticalscanj nin'gwaves in thevertical deflection circuits V19,A and con? trol the generation of horizontal frequency sawtooth voltage waves in the horizontal sawtooth wave genenator 21.

'Respective color mixture signals (e. g. narrowfband EQ signals and Wider band E1 signals, discussed in detail the aforementioned article) are recovered 'from the.' v1deo vsignal output of amplifier 13 in respective color demodulator channels which include bandpass lters 25 and 27 of respectively appropriate passbandsi synchronousl demodulators 31 and 33 receiving respectively appropriate phases of the output of the subcarrier drive apparatus'l'l, and low pass tilters .35 and 37 havingthe respectively appropriate narrow and wider responses. The receiver is also provided with a brightness channel, including'a lowfpass` filter 36 having the desired wide band response, through which the ,broad band monochrome portionlof the .compositepicture signalmay pass. Thev outputslof thejbrightn'e'ss channel andtwo color clizuinels aregsui'tably rcornbine'din the matrixing circuits 39 fof. the

array of red green, and blue-emitting phosphor dots..

Between the electron gun position and the phosphor screen there is placed a thin perforated metal sheet for the purpose of partially masking the electron beams. The phosphor dot array on the screen comprises a plu-y ralitypf-closely spaced ,phosphor dottrios, each trio ,consistinglof a redf, green, and blue-emitting phosphor dot with the centers of the dots lying at the corners of an equilateral triangle., The trios themselves lie at the cornersv of an equilateral triangle of larger size. ciated-witheach .of the phosphor dot trios is a hole in the equilateraltriangle. The three beams, disposed 120- apaptabout the tube axis, are converged to a point on the mask byw-,suitable static and dynamic beam converging 1.311.5- redporti onof .the picture is prevented, by the mask, from strikinggthoseareas on the screen containing blue and-- Likewise the green and blue' green emitting phosphors. beams-.can strike'onlythe green and blue emitting phosphondots, respectively.. '[he target structure 5l of the illustrative color lkinescope. 40 may be considered to vbe of the general shadow-mask type above described.

.-As schematically.illustrated the three electronfbeams area'vdevelopednand fshaped in respective electron gunstructures, each includinga thermionic cathode 41, a control grid 43., ja first anode. or accelerating electrode 45,

erated in the beam convergence circuits S6 along with Colorimage reproducers of this general typ@ are Asso- The electron vbeam which is to contribute the waveforms .to the .convergence yoke 49. While the use of electromagnetic convergence apparatus` has thus been illustratedit will beappreciated that electrostatic convergence apparatus may 4alternatively be employed. lt

may also be noted thatin -lieuof acomrnon convergence.

yoke 49, the beam convergence apparatus may involve separate control of the individual beams, comprising apparatus such as that disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 2,677,779, Goodrich, issued .May 4, 1954. Particularly iff*'electrostaticconvergence apparatus is employed, the

dynamic ,convergence waveforms developed by generator 56, may also be applied (suitably modiliedin amplitude) tothe focuselectrodes 47 to maintain essentially optimum focus Ithroughouttheentire raster, as suggested, in the aforementioned Friend article. Three beam alignment magnets (not illustrated), oneassociated` with each of the threei electron beams, may be4 employed to provide inthe aforementioned 'Friend article.

The

anappropriate (static convergence) D.C. component, I

seryes-to.converge the three beams to a common point in the;v .plane of the shadow-mask of target structure 51 throughout the scanning of the raster. The principles of multibeam convergence, and a description of typical circuits .for developing dynamic convergence waveforms frornsawtooth waves 4of field and line frequency maybe foundiu :an .article by Albert W. `Friend appearing `in' individualcorrection of beammisalignment, as disclosed However, where electromagnetic convergence apparatus is employed of the naturgproviding -individualcontrolof the three beams in, respective .radial directions relativeV to .thectube axis asingle'beam alignmentmagnetproviding control of a selected one of the beamsV in a direction perpendicular,

of anadjustably;insertable magnet associated with co voperating,external andinternal pole pieces.

Inkadditionto the lbeam controlling apparatus .already described, the illustrated color kinescope 40. may also be provided ywitha color purity yoke (not illustrated) applyinga uniformtransverse magnetic field to all the electron` beamsto orient the system of beamsas desired. Thegyoke-,maycomprise either a rotatable single pair .of coils,or twoiixedpairs of coils at right angles, fed from anadjps'tahle-,sourceof D.C. (as indicated on the drawing); The use of such a fpurity coil to deect thethree beams equally; -so that they may be adjusted to pass through l.their respective color centers is explained-Lin greaterdetail in `the aforementioned Friend article.

'I-hefkinescope is provided, as is conventional, with a final` acceleratingelectrode, theultor 50, which may take .theV4 '.us11al-..form...of aconductive coating on the inner" surface of the kinescope 40 .extending from theivicinit-yvv of.the.convergence electrode49' @to the beam target lstructure'fSvZz-f-Where the. flared portion of .the kinescope enve1ope--is itself a conducting'metal, the conductive coattricalcontact-with the metal ared portion.

'I-'o 'achieve common deflection `of the three beams to ing`.nee`cl only extend Vforward sufficiently to make electrace {a .-scanni ngrasteron the target structure 51 a dc-v ection yokejSisvprovided with appropriately disposed v.horizontal and vertical detlectionwindings. The yoke S3 isillustra-ted-'as having-vertical -yoke terminals Vif-31,1- toi-which tield frequencyscanningV waves developed in tl:|e

verticaldellection circuits 19 are applied. The lhorizontal yoke-,terminals- H-H derive line frequency scanning horizontal yoke.V To preventthe transient iiybackpnlses generated-during retrace periodsfrorn settingiup as eries of'o'scillations, and inY accordance with well-'known `reac- In such a-case the-single. beam alignmentmagnet may, for example, take :the form..

aisance 5 tion scanning principles, a damper tube 95 is provided.

The details of the yoke and damper connections and associated circuitry, including the provision of B-boost capacitors 90, horizontal linearity control 92, horizontal centering adjustment potentiometer 96, centering chokes 98, D.C. blocking capacitors 100, etc., are illustrative only, and various modifications, augmentations, or revisions threof may be achieved without departing from the scope of the present invention relating particularly to the high voltage supply associated with the horizontal output transformer 93.

The high voltage supply illustrated in Figure l as associated with the horizontal output transformer 93 includes a first rectifier, diode 101. The anode of diode 101 is connected to terminal Z, the point of peak flyback pulse potential on the windings of the auto-transformer 93. The cathode of diode 101 is connected via a capacitor 103 to a point of reference potential (i. e.V ground in the illustrative embodiment). Rectification of the flyback pulses appearing at terminal Z by the diode 101 provides a D.C. output voltage at its cathode which is applied across a bleeder resistance 105. A potentiometer 107 serves as a resistance portion of the bleeder 105. The adjustable tap 108 of the potentiometer 107 is coupled to the focus electrodes 47 ofthe color kinescope 40.

The horizontal output transformer 93 is provided with a further secondary winding 93S. One end of the secondary winding 93 is directly connected to the cathode of the first rectifier 101. The other end of the secondary winding 93S is connected to the anode of the second rectifier, diode 113. The cathode of rectifier 113 i-s connected via a capacitor 115 to ground. The ultor electrode 50 of the color kinescope is supplied with the required final accelerating voltage via its connection to the cathode of the second rectifier 113.

To particularly point out the advantages of a high voltage supply connected as described above, it may be assumed, for example, that the voltage requirements of kinescope 40 are the aforementioned 27 kv. ultor voltage and a focus voltage adjustable about approximately 4 kv. ln such a case, the step-up of yback pulses in autotransformer 93 may be chosen to provide a D.C. output at the cathode of rectifier 101 at a level of about 7 kv. While the Setting of such a level for the first rectifier output requires voltage division in bleeder 105 to reach the desired adjustable focus range, it will be appreciated from the subsequent discussion that it is desirable to have the first rectifier output somewhat above the desired focus voltage range. It will be seen that the input to the second rectifier 113 thus includes a D.C. voltage component of 7 kv. in addition to the flyback pulses developed across the secondary winding 93S. Thus, only a 2O kv. pulse is required of the secondary winding 93S to achieve a 27 kv. level at the output of rectifier 113.

An important result of utilizing the described manner of achieving a 27 kv. level at the output of rectifier 113 is that the peak inverse voltage on rectifier 113 is 20 kv., not 27 kv. From the viewpoint of rectifier size and expense, it is highly desirable to achieve such a reduction in the peak inverse voltage strain thereon. If conventional voltage doubler arrangements are employed in conjunction with the horizontal output transformer to de-V velop a- 27 kv. ultor voltage, a reduction in the peak inverse voltage strain could also be achieved, but at the expense of requiring three tubes for the ultor supply alone. In accordance with the embodiment of the present invention just discussed, however, a 27 kv. ultor voltage, as well as an adjustable 4 kv. focusing voltage are developed by a supply utilizing only two diodes, and in which neither of these diodes are required to withstand a peak inverse voltage comparable to the ultor voltage.

As is generally requisite in color television receiver high voltage supplies, the supply of Figure l is provided with means for regulating the voltage supplied to the ultor electrode 50. Specifically, the regulating means is..

illustrated as comprising'a regulator tube 110, having its space discharge path shunting the ultor voltage output circuit of the supply and deriving a reference control voltage from the focus bleeder 105.

Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated schematically in Figure 2. After an explanation of the circuit details of this second embodiment, a comparison will be made between the two to point out the particular advantages pertinent to each.

ln the embodiment of Figure 2 the first rectifier 101 is connected to the high potential terminal Z of the horizontal output transformer primary winding 93. The adjustable focus voltage is derived from the bleeder 105,Y shunting the output of rectifier 101, as in the first embodiment described. The D.C.. output of the first rectifier 101 is also applied via a choke 119 to the low potential terminal T of a secondary winding 93S' of the output..

transformer. Terminal T is also connected by means of capacitor 121 to the high potential terminal Z of the primary winding. The anode of the second rectifier 113 is connected to the high potential terminal S of the secondary winding, and its rectifier D.C. output is directly applied to the ultor electrode as previously.

It will be seen that in the embodiment of Figure 2, the flyback pulses appearing across the primary winding 93', as well as the D.C. output of rectier 101, supplement the flyback pulses appearing across the secondary winding 93S' inthe input to the second rectifier 113. Again it will be seen that if a 7 kv. output for the first rectier and a 27 kv. output for the second rectifier are assumed, the peak inverse voltage on the second rectifier is only 20 kv.

ln comparing the two embodiments described, it will be noted that the embodiment of Figure l has the ad-Y vantage of requiring no high voltage choke in the development of the supply voltages. On the other hand, it may be noted that the embodiment of Figure 2 requires fewer lturns in the transformer windings to develop the Vsame output voltages from the same level of energization.

However, it may be noted that even the number of turns required for the transformer windings of the embodiment of Figure l are substantially less than those that would be required if it were sought to develop the same ultor voltage using a single rectifier. Also, as will be appre- .erence toFigures 3 and 4, which illustrate respective physical arrangements of the respective transformer windings on a core that are feasible for the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, respectively. l

In Figure 3 the mounting of the horizontal output transformer primary winding 93 and the secondary winding 93S on a common ferrite core 92 is illustrated. It will be appreciated that the nature of the circuit arrangement of these windings illustrated in Figure 1 `dictates i mounting of the respective windings on separate legs of the core 92. Thus, in Figure 3 the primary winding 93 is disposed about one leg of the core 92, while the secondary winding 93S, which may be wound in the con ventional pie form, is disposed about the opposite leg of the core 92. The secondary winding 93S is insulated lfrom the core by suitable 7 kv. insulation, which may take the form, for example, of 1/16 Bakelite tubing, designated by the reference numeral 104. lt will be appreciated that care must be taken in choosing the dimensions of the core 92 so that suiiicient spacing exists between the outer 93, in order to avoid the Vpossibility of arc-over `therebetween.

In Figure 4, the mounting of the primary winding 93 and the secondary winding i938" of the embodiment ofFilgure 2 is illustrated. It will be appreciated that the nature of the circuit arrangement of the windings asl illustrated in Figure 2 permits the concentric `disposition of these windings about the same leg ofthe lcore 92; Thus, in Figure 4, the primary winding 93 lis disposed about a given leg of the kcore 92, the secondary winding 93S', preferably in pie form, is concentrically 4disposed about the primary winding 93', and suitable 7 kv. insulation 104', which may again be in the Bakelite tubing form described above, separates the two windings. With common leg mounting feasible for the transformer windings of Figure 2, it will be appreciated that the latter embodiment of the present invention readily permits of a more compact transformer assembly.

There have thus been described several embodiments of a high voltage supply which require only two rectifiers to develop the ultor and focus voltages required by a typical color kinescope. A saving of from one to two tubes may thus be effected over more conventional color kinescope high voltage supplies utilizing conventional or modified voltage doubler arrangements. Also, minimizationmof` the peak inverse voltage strain on the rectifiers employed results in a saving in the expense and size of these rectifier devices. A further advantage over prior art high voltage supplies may be noted in the fact that the capacityV reflected by the high voltage rectifier 113 in the described embodiments is reduced in magnitude with respect to more conventional supplies in which the ultor supplying rectifier Vmust withstand a peak inverse voltage of the order of the delivered ultor voltage. This reduction in reflected capacity is significant, since the transformer resonant frequency is thereby increased, and the flyback pulse width thereby desirably reduced.

Having `thus described the invention, what is claimed l. In a cathode ray tube system, said cathode ray tube system including a deflection Wave output transformer, a high voltage supply comprising in combination first fiyback pulse rectifying means coupled to said transformer for developing a first unidirectional potential, second flyback pulse rectifying means, means forderiving stepped-up ilyback pulses from said transformer, means for applying said stepped-up flyback pulses to the input of said second rcctifying means, and means including said stepped-up flyback pulse deriving and applying means for applying :the unidirectional potential output of said first rectifying means to the input of said second rectifying means. whereby the output of said second rectifying means lcomprises a second unidirectional potential substantially corresponding to the sum of said first unidirectional potential and said stepped-up tiyback pulse potential.

2. A high voltage supply in accordance with claim 1 wherein means are provided for coupling the input of said first rectifying means to the input of said second rectifying means.

3. Ahigh voltaee supply in accordance with claim 2 wherein `said latter means comprises a D.C. blocking capacitor.

4. In a color Vtelevision receiver includingfa color kinescope krequiring ian ultor `voltage of Va first order, vand a focus, voltage of a second order, said receiver including a ldeflection Wave output transformer, fiybackA pulses being periodically developed in said transformen'a high voltage supply'comprising in combination 4means' forfde-v riving flyback pulses of a first peak potential from said transformer, va first rectifier having an input circuit-and an output circuit, means for applying said fiyback pulses of said first peak potential to the input circuit of said first rectifier, means for deriving a voltage of said second order from the output circuit of vsaid first rectifier, a second rectifier having an input circuit and an output circuit, means for-deriving fyback pulses of a peak potential higher than Asaid first peak potential from saidl transformer, means for applying said tiyback pulses'of said higher peak potential to the input circuit -of said second rectifier, means including said latter iiyback pulse deriving means for Vcoupling the output circuit of said first rectifier to the input circuit of ysaid second rectifier, and `meansfor deriving a voltage of said first order from the output circuit of said second rectifier.

5. A 4highvoltage supply in accordance with claim 4 also including means for applying said fiyback pulses of said first peak potential to the input circuit of said second rectifier.

6. A high voltage supply in accordance with claim 5' 8. ln a color television receiver including a color kinev scope requiring an ultor voltage -of a first order and a focus voltage of a second order, said receiver including a deflection wave output transformer having a secondary' winding, flyback pulses being periodically developed in said transformer and appearing with stepped-up potential across said secondary winding, a high voltage supply comprising in combination of first rectifier coupled to said transformer -for rectifying said flyback pulses to develop an output voltage of said second order, a second rectifier having an input circuit and an output circuit, said second rectifier being coupled to said secondary winding whereby said flyback pulses of stepped-up potential are rctified by said second rectifier, means including said secondary winding for applying the output voltage of said second order to the input circuit of 'said second rectifier, and means for deriving an output voltage of said first order from the output circuit of said second rectifier.

9. A high voltage supply in accordance with claim 8 including capacitive means for coupling the input of said first rectifier to the input circuit of said second rectifier,

and wherein said means for applying the output voltage of said second order to said second rectifier input circuit also includes .an inductive choke.

ReferencesCited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,553,323 Ford May l5, 1951 

